Followings are the detailed guidelines to facilitate the authors. It is requested to follow the minimum formatting requirements to increase the chances of acceptance.

  1. Review your manuscript to ensure that it meets the basic requirements. Be mindful of length requirements and other guidelines related to specific article types. The text should be as brief and concise as proper presentation of the ideas will allow. Manuscripts must be in Chinese or English (British spelling), 10-point type, double-spaced, and single-column.
  2. Each full-length paper must have a summary-type abstract of 100 to 200 (maximum) words in one paragraph, without numerical references, acronyms, or abbreviations. The abstract indicates the subjects dealt with in the paper and states the objectives of the investigation.
  3. The manuscript title should be concise (maximum of 12 words), in upper- and lower-case letters, without the use of acronyms or abbreviations.
  4. Listed authors are limited to those who have made significant contributions to the article. The submitting author should ensure that contact information for all co-authors is accurate. All authors may receive an email from Editorial Office asking for verification of their contributions to the work, and the manuscript submission will not be complete until confirmation from all authors is received.
  5. The author’s full name appears below the title, with any co-author names all on the same line if they share the same affiliation and presenting them together will not disrupt the proper order of author names. The affiliation is the line below the author name(s), comprising the institution name, city, state, and ZIP code, and also the country name for authors.
  6. Footnotes display author job titles and departments on the first page of each manuscript. Designating one or more authors as a “corresponding author” is appropriate in the footnotes, with contact email addresses included. The use of footnotes elsewhere in the manuscript is discouraged.
  7. Papers with many symbols will benefit from a nomenclature that defines all symbols with units, to be inserted between the abstract and the introduction. Acronyms should be defined in the text, not in the nomenclature.
  8. An introduction that states the purpose of the work and its significance relative to the prior literature is required.
  9. Equations are numbered sequentially and not by section. Math symbols and equations are not images (MathType or other interactive equation-editing software has been used for creating equations in the manuscript). Metric or dual systems of units (metric and English) are used, whenever possible. Periods are not used at the ends of displayed equations.
  10. References are introduced in numerical order in the text (not just by author name); classified or export-restricted references, personal/private communications, and websites are not included in the reference list, and all reference elements.
  11. Figures and tables are numbered consecutively and cited in the text; they are designed based on format guidelines, with concise captions and headings.
  12. Conclusions provide a detailed discussion of study findings. Do not introduce concepts not presented in text; do not refer to other work.
  13. List funding sources and grant numbers separately; please double check this information for accuracy. Acknowledgments of financial support or significant contributions to the research also can be in a separate paragraph at the end of the manuscript preceding the reference list. Names of institutions and individuals are provided in full without the use of abbreviations or nicknames.
  14. Optional supplemental material files are relevant to the article and entirely self-contained; acceptance for publication will be based solely on the content of the article.
  15. Check your paper for clarity of language and proper use of grammar; if necessary and wherever applicable, the manuscript should have a native speaker review.
  16. Authors are encouraged to provide supplemental material files to enhance the content of their articles. Multiple files can accompany an article, to include data sets; extensive tables; multimedia such as animation, sound, or video files; and other additional supporting material. Although the supplemental files must be relevant to the journal article, they are intended only to support the primary content presented in the article, which must be self-contained and stand on its own. Acceptance for publication will be based solely on the content of the article.
  17. If you intend to reprint tables, figures, or portions of text from another source, you are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner. All authors attest to the fact that no copyright-infringing material is included in their articles. If the previously published work is your own, and you have transferred the copyright to another person or entity, these rules still apply. Also note that copyright law grants the owner of any material control over how a work is reused or modified; if you wish to alter or adapt a previously published piece of artwork, for example, you may still need permission from the copyright owner.
  18. Be advised that material taken from the Internet is subject to copyright regulation, as is the use of Clip Art that is available with many popular software programs. Material that is in the public domain also must be appropriately cited even when permission to use is not required. Remember that out-of-print material is not necessarily in the public domain, and that a work may be subject to foreign copyright law.